38 – Waste collection, recovery and disposal activities

This class includes: - collection of non-hazardous solid waste (i.e. garbage) within a local area (e.g. from households and businesses), by means of refuse bins, wheeled bins and containers, which may contain mixed recoverable materials - collection of recyclable materials (separated or not) - collection of non-hazardous waste of animal or vegetal origin - collection of used cooking oils and fats - collection of refuse in public places - collection of yard waste · This class also includes: - collection of construction and demolition waste - collection and removal of debris - collection of waste output of industrial plants - operation of waste transfer facilities for non-hazardous waste · This class excludes: - collection of sewage, see division 37 - collection of hazardous waste, see 38.12 - operation of facilities for sorting recoverable waste, see 38.2 - operation of recovery facilities, see 38.2 - operation of landfills for the disposal of non-hazardous waste and permanent storage of non-hazardous waste, see 38.32

This class includes the collection of hazardous waste (for example, explosive, oxidising, flammable toxic, irritant, carcinogenic, corrosive, infectious and other substances) and preparations harmful for human health and the environment. The activities may also include identification, treatment, packaging and labelling of waste for the purposes of transport. · This class includes: - collection of hazardous waste, e.g.: • used oil from ships or garages • paints and varnishes • biohazardous waste • hazardous waste of animal origin • nuclear waste • collection of expired pharmaceuticals • used batteries · This class also includes: - operation of waste transfer facilities for hazardous waste · This class excludes: - collection of non-hazardous waste, see 38.11 - operation of landfills for the disposal of hazardous waste and permanent storage of hazardous waste, see 38.32 - remediation and clean-up of contaminated buildings, mine sites, soil or groundwater (e.g. asbestos removal), see 39.00

This class includes the processing of metal and non-metal waste, including scrap and other articles into secondary raw materials. · Further included is the recovery of materials from waste streams in the form of: (1) separating and sorting recoverable materials from non-hazardous waste streams; or (2) separating and sorting of commingled recoverable materials (for example, paper, plastics, used beverage cans and metals) into distinct categories. · Examples of the mechanical or chemical transformation processes that are undertaken include: - mechanical crushing and shredding of metal waste (e.g. from used cars, washing machines or motorcycles) - mechanical reduction of large iron pieces (e.g. railway wagons) - recovery of iron from clinker - reclaiming metals out of photographic waste (e.g. fixer solution or photographic films and paper) - dismantling of wrecks of any type (automobiles, ships, computers, televisions and other equipment) for materials recovery - producing of rubber powder from rubber waste and scrap, including decontamination, division (elimination) of fractions and devulcanising - sorting and mechanical processing (e.g. cleaning, grinding) of plastics to produce secondary raw materials - processing (ageing, cleaning, sorting) of incineration bottom ash into secondary raw materials (metals, aggregates) - crushing, cleaning and sorting of glass - crushing, cleaning and sorting of other waste (e.g. demolition waste to obtain secondary raw materials) - processing of food, beverage and tobacco waste and residual substances into secondary raw materials - recovery of waste oil, processing of used cooking oils and fats into secondary raw materials - extraction of silver from waste chemicals, other than by electrolytic refining - recovery of phosphorus from the incineration of sewage sludge - recovery of textile and clothing products by mechanical, thermal or chemical processes - production of waste compost - production of biogas from waste, not for the purpose of gas or energy supply · This class excludes: - manufacture of new final products from secondary raw materials, whether or not self-manufactured (e.g. spinning yarn from garnetted stock, making pulp from paper waste, retreading tyres or the production of metal from metal scrap), see corresponding classes in section C - reprocessing of nuclear fuels, see 20.13 - remelting of plastics to produce granulates or compounds, see 20.16 - remelting ferrous waste and scrap, see 24.10 - production of biogas from waste for gas supply, see 35.21 - energy recovery during waste thermal treatment, see 38.22 - disposal of waste without recovery and treatment prior to disposal, see 38.3 - wholesale of recoverable materials, see 46.87

This class includes pretreatment of waste for energy recovery, conversion of waste materials (for example, into usable heat or electricity), through a variety of processes, which include thermal treatment. · This class also includes the activities of waste-to-energy plants. · This class excludes: - landfill gas recovery for gas supply, see 35.21

This class includes: - preparation of sewage sludge for land treatment resulting in benefits to agriculture or ecological improvement - preparation of non-hazardous waste for reclamation in excavated areas or for engineering purposes in landscaping · This class excludes: - production of biogas from sewage sludge, see 35.21 - back-filling without related preparation activities (e.g. preparation of non-hazardous waste for engineering purposes in landscaping), see division 42

This class includes the disposal and treatment prior to disposal of waste by combustion or thermal treatment without energy recovery. · This class excludes: - thermal treatment with the resulting production of energy, see 38.22

This class includes the disposal and treatment prior to disposal of non-hazardous or hazardous waste, whether the waste is solid or not, onto or into land (i.e. underground), or in permanent waste storage facilities or sites. · This class includes: - operation of landfills for the disposal of waste - treatment of organic waste for landfilling or permanent storage - disposal of by-products of animal origin in landfills · This class also includes: - permanent underground storage of waste in a deep geological cavity (e.g. in salt or potassium mines) - storage of captured carbon dioxide · This class excludes: - operation of facilities where waste is unloaded for further transport, see 38.1 - operation of facilities where recoverable materials are sorted, see 38.21 - decontamination, cleaning up land, water and toxic material abatement, see 39.00