28 – Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c

This class includes: - manufacture of internal combustion piston engines, except for motor vehicle, aircraft and motorcycle propulsion engines: • marine engines • railway engines - manufacture of parts suitable for use solely or principally within internal combustion engines (e.g. pistons, piston rings, carburettors and such, except for motor vehicles) - manufacture of inlet and exhaust valves of internal combustion engines - manufacture of turbines and parts thereof: • steam turbines and other vapour turbines • hydraulic turbines, waterwheels and regulators thereof • wind turbines and mills • gas turbines, except turbojets or turbopropellers for aircraft propulsion - manufacture of boiler turbine sets - manufacture of turbine generator sets, consisting of a turbine and a generator mounted together - manufacture of engines for industrial application - factory overhaul of ship and boat engines · This class excludes: - manufacture of electric generators (except turbine generator sets), see 27.11 - manufacture of prime mover generator sets (except turbine generator sets), see 27.11 - manufacture of parts of motor vehicles’ combustion engines, see 29.10 - manufacture of electrical equipment and components of internal combustion piston engines for motor vehicles, see 29.3 - manufacture of pistons, piston rings and carburettors for motor vehicles, see 29.32 - manufacture of internal combustion piston engines for aircraft, see 30.3 - manufacture of aircraft engines, turbojets and turbopropellers, see 30.31, 30.32 - manufacture of motorcycle propulsion engines, see 30.91 - manufacture of pistons, piston rings and carburettors for motorcycles, see 30.91

This class includes: - manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic power engines and motors, cylinders and valves - manufacture of hydraulic fluid power systems - manufacture of hydraulic transmission equipment - manufacture of hydrostatic transmission equipment · This class excludes: - manufacture of hydraulic or pneumatic tubes, pipes and hoses of rubber, see 22.12 - manufacture of hydraulic or pneumatic tubes, pipes and hoses of plastic, see 22.21 - manufacture of compressors, see 28.13 - manufacture of pumps other than hydraulic fluid power pumps, see 28.13 - manufacture of valves for non-fluid power applications, see 28.14 - manufacture of mechanical power transmission equipment, see 28.15

This class includes: - manufacture of air or vacuum pumps, air or other gas compressors - manufacture of pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device - manufacture of pumps for internal combustion engines (e.g. oil, water and fuel pumps for motor vehicles) · This class also includes: - manufacture of hand pumps · This class excludes: - manufacture of hydraulic fluid power pumps, see 28.12

This class includes: - manufacture of industrial taps and valves, including regulating valves and intake taps - manufacture of taps and valves for sanitary fixtures - manufacture of central heating radiator taps and valves · This class excludes: - manufacture of valves of unhardened vulcanised rubber, glass or ceramic materials, see 22.12, 23.15 or 23.44 - manufacture of inlet and exhaust valves of internal combustion engines, see 28.11 - manufacture of valves for hydraulic or pneumatic transmission and air preparation equipment for use in pneumatic systems, see 28.12

This class includes: - manufacture of ball and roller bearings, and parts thereof - manufacture of mechanical power transmission equipment, e.g.: • transmission shafts, including camshafts, crankshafts and cranks • bearing housings and plain shaft bearings - manufacture of gears, gearing and gearboxes, and other speed changers - manufacture of clutches and shaft couplings - manufacture of flywheels and pulleys - manufacture of articulated link chain - manufacture of power transmission chain · This class excludes: - manufacture of other chain, see 25.93 - manufacture of hydraulic transmission equipment, see 28.12 - manufacture of hydrostatic transmission equipment, see 28.12 - manufacture of clutches for motor vehicles, see 29.31 - manufacture of gears, gearboxes and parts thereof for motor vehicles, see 29.32 - manufacture of sub-assemblies of power transmission equipment which are suitable for use solely or principally with motor vehicles or aircraft, see divisions 29, 30

This class includes: - manufacture of electrical and other industrial and laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators - manufacture of furnace burners - manufacture of central heating boilers, solar water heaters and similar equipment - manufacture of household cooling and ventilation equipment · This class also includes: - manufacture of mechanical stokers, grates, ash dischargers, etc. - manufacture of generally non-reversible heat pumps (only working in one direction), mainly used for space heating or for domestic hot water supply · This class excludes: - manufacture of electric ovens for domestic use, see 27.51 - manufacture of table, floor, wall, window, ceiling or roof fans, see 27.51 - manufacture of dryers for agricultural products, see 28.93 - manufacture of baking ovens, see 28.93 - manufacture of dryers for wood, paper pulp, paper or paperboard, see 28.99 - manufacture of medical, surgical or laboratory sterilisers, see 32.50 - manufacture of dental laboratory furnaces, see 32.50

This class includes: - manufacture of hand-operated or power-driven lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery, e.g.: • pulley tackle and hoists, winches, capstans and jacks • derricks, cranes, mobile lifting frames, straddle carriers • works trucks, whether or not fitted with lifting or handling equipment, whether or not self-propelled, of the type used in factories (including handcarts and wheelbarrows) • mechanical manipulators and industrial robots specifically designed for lifting, handling, loading or unloading • unmanned and robotic forklifts and pallet loaders/unloaders - manufacture of conveyors, teleferics, etc. - manufacture of lifts, escalators and moving walkways - manufacture of parts suitable for use solely or principally with lifting and handling equipment · This class also includes: - manufacture of automatic lifting and handling equipment for warehouses · This class excludes: - manufacture of machinery for vertical farming, see 28.30 - manufacture of continuous-action elevators and conveyors for underground use, see 28.92 - manufacture of mechanical shovels, excavators and shovel loaders, see 28.92 - manufacture of industrial robots for multiple uses, see 28.99 - manufacture of crane lorries, floating cranes and railway cranes, see 29.10, 30.11, 30.20 - installation of lifts and elevators, see 43.24

This class includes: - manufacture of calculating machines - manufacture of cash registers - manufacture of calculators - manufacture of postage meters, mail handling machines (envelope stuffing, sealing and addressing machinery; opening, sorting, scanning) - manufacture of typewriters and stenography machines - manufacture of office-type binding equipment (i.e. plastic or tape binding) - manufacture of coin sorting, coin counting and coin wrapping machines - manufacture of pencil sharpening machines - manufacture of stapling machines - manufacture of voting machines - manufacture of tape dispensers - manufacture of hole punches - manufacture of photocopy machines - manufacture of blackboards; whiteboards and marker boards with writing or drawing surfaces - manufacture of dictating machines · This class excludes: - manufacture of pencil sharpeners, see 25.61 - manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment, see 26.20

This class includes: - manufacture of hand tools, with self-contained electric or non-electric motor or pneumatic drive, e.g.: • circular or reciprocating saws • chainsaws • drills and hammer drills • handheld power sanders • pneumatic nailers • buffers • routers • grinders • staplers • pneumatic rivet guns • planers • shears and nibblers • impact wrenches • powder-actuated nailers · This class excludes: - manufacture of hand tools and interchangeable parts for pneumatic and power tools, see 25.63 - manufacture of electrical handheld soldering and welding machines and apparatus, see 27.90

This class includes: - manufacture of non-domestic refrigerating or freezing equipment - manufacture of air-conditioning machines, except for motor vehicles - manufacture of non-domestic fans - manufacture of heat exchange units - manufacture of machinery for liquefying air or other gas - manufacture of attic ventilation fans (e.g. gable fans, roof ventilators) - manufacture of evaporators and condensers for non-domestic refrigerators · This class also includes: - manufacture of reversible heat pumps that have a motorised fan and devices for changing both the air temperature and humidity · This class excludes: - manufacture of domestic refrigerating or freezing equipment, see 27.51 - manufacture of domestic fans, see 27.51 - manufacture of household cooling equipment, see 28.21 - manufacture of air-conditioning machines for motor vehicles, see 29.32

This class includes: - manufacture of weighing machinery (other than sensitive laboratory balances), including weight-operated counting or checking machines (e.g. household and shop scales, platform scales, scales for continuous weighing, weighbridges, weighing machines) - manufacture of filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for liquids (e.g. for oil, fuel) - manufacture of equipment for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids or powders: • spray guns, fire extinguishers, sandblasting machines, steam cleaning machines, etc. - manufacture of packing and wrapping machinery: • filling, closing, sealing, capsuling or labelling machines, etc. - manufacture of cleaning machines (including dishwashers) for non-domestic use - manufacture of machinery for cleaning or drying bottles and for aerating beverages - manufacture of distilling or rectifying plant for petroleum refineries, chemical industries, beverage industries, etc. - manufacture of gas generators - manufacture of calendering or other rolling machines and cylinders thereof (except for metal and glass) - manufacture of centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers (except cream separators, clothes/tumble dryers and centrifuges, of a kind used in laboratories) - manufacture of gaskets and similar joints of metal sheeting combined with other materials or of two or more layers of metal - manufacture of automatic goods vending machines - manufacture of levels, tape measures and similar hand tools, machinist’s precision tools (except optical) - manufacture of non-electrical welding and soldering machinery and apparatus - manufacture of cooling towers and similar for direct cooling by means of recirculated water · This class excludes: - manufacture of gaskets of vulcanised rubber, see 22.12 - manufacture of sensitive (laboratory-type) balances, see 26.51 - manufacture of domestic refrigerating or freezing equipment, see 27.51 - manufacture of domestic fans, see 27.51 - manufacture of electrical welding and soldering equipment, see 27.90 - manufacture of agricultural or horticultural spraying appliances, see 28.30 - manufacture of metal or glass rolling machinery and cylinders thereof, see 28.91, 28.99 - manufacture of dryers for agricultural products, see 28.93 - manufacture of machinery for filtering or purifying food and beverages, see 28.93 - manufacture of cream separators, see 28.93 - manufacture of commercial clothes/tumble dryers, see 28.94 - manufacture of printing machinery for printing textile materials, see 28.94 - manufacture of centrifuges, of a kind used in laboratories, see 32.50

This class includes: - manufacture of agricultural and forestry tractors - manufacture of track-laying tractors - manufacture of single-axle (pedestrian-controlled) tractors - manufacture of mowers, including lawnmowers - manufacture of self-loading or self-unloading trailers or semi-trailers for agricultural purposes - manufacture of agricultural machinery for soil preparation or cultivation, e.g.: • ploughs, harrows, manure spreaders, seeders, fertiliser distributors, etc. - manufacture of harvesting or threshing machinery, e.g.: • harvesters, threshers, sorters, etc. - manufacture of milking machines - manufacture of agricultural or horticultural spraying appliances - manufacture of diverse agricultural machinery, e.g.: • poultry-keeping machinery, bee-keeping equipment, equipment for preparing fodder, etc. • machines for cleaning, sorting or grading eggs, fruits, etc. - manufacture of machinery for vertical farming · This class excludes: - manufacture of non-power-driven hand tools, of a kind used in agriculture, horticulture or forestry, see 25.63 - manufacture of conveyors for farm use, see 28.22 - manufacture of power-driven hand tools, see 28.24 - manufacture of earth-moving machinery, see 28.92 - manufacture of cream separators, see 28.93 - manufacture of machinery to clean, sort or grade seed, grain or dried leguminous vegetables, see 28.93 - manufacture of road tractors for semi-trailers, see 29.10 - manufacture of trailers or semi-trailers for other than agricultural purposes, see 29.20

This class includes: - manufacture of machine tools for working metals, including those using a laser beam, ultrasonic waves, plasma arc, magnetic pulse, etc. - manufacture of machine tools for turning, drilling, boring, threading or tapping for working metal - manufacture of machine tools for deburring, sharpening, grinding, honing, lapping, polishing or otherwise finishing metal or cermet by means of grinding stones, abrasives or polishing products - manufacture of machining centres and multi-station machines for working metal - manufacture of machine tools for planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing, sawing and cutting-off, and of other machine tools working by removing metal or cermets - manufacture of metal stamping or pressing machine tools - manufacture of punch presses, hydraulic presses, hydraulic brakes, drop hammers, forging machines, etc. - manufacture of draw benches, thread rolling machines for working wires - manufacture of filing machines, riveters, sheet metal cutters · This class excludes: - manufacture of interchangeable tools, see 25.63 - manufacture of electrical welding and soldering machinery and apparatus, see 27.90 - manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing, see 28.97

This class includes: - manufacture of machine tools for working wood, cork, bone, stone, hard rubber, hard plastics, ceramics, concrete, cold glass or similar hard non-metal materials - manufacture of work holders for machine tools - manufacture of dividing heads and other special attachments for machine tools - manufacture of stationary machines for nailing, stapling, glueing or otherwise assembling wood, cork, bone, hard rubber or hard plastics, etc. - manufacture of stationary rotary or rotary percussion drills, etc. - manufacture of presses for the manufacture of particle board, etc. · This class also includes: - manufacture of parts and accessories for the machine tools listed · This class excludes: - manufacture of interchangeable tools for machine tools (e.g. drills, punches, dies, taps, milling cutters, turning tools, saw blades, cutting knives), see 25.63 - manufacture of electric handheld soldering irons and soldering guns, see 27.90 - manufacture of power-driven hand tools, see 28.24 - manufacture of filing machines, riveters, sheet metal cutters, see 28.41 - manufacture of machinery used in metal mills or foundries, see 28.91 - manufacture of machinery for mining and quarrying, see 28.92 - manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing, see 28.97

This class includes: - manufacture of machines and equipment for handling hot metals (e.g. converters, ingot moulds, ladles and casting machines, of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries) - manufacture of metal-rolling mills and rolls for such mills · This class excludes: - manufacture of moulding boxes and moulds (except ingot moulds), see 25.63 - manufacture of draw benches, see 28.41 - manufacture of machines for forming foundry moulds, see 28.99

This class includes: - manufacture of continuous-action elevators and conveyors for goods and materials, for underground use - manufacture of boring, cutting or sinking machinery for boring earth or extracting minerals or ores, or of coal or rock cutters and tunnelling machinery - manufacture of machinery for treating minerals by screening, sorting, separating, washing, crushing, grinding, mixing or kneading earth, stone, ores or other mineral substances, in solid (including powder or paste) form - manufacture of concrete and mortar mixers - manufacture of earth-moving machinery: • bulldozers, angledozers, graders, scrapers, levellers, mechanical shovels, shovel loaders, etc. - manufacture of piledrivers and pile extractors, mortar spreaders, bitumen spreaders, concrete surfacing machinery, etc. - manufacture of machines for mixing mineral substances with bitumen - manufacture of track-laying excavators - manufacture of bulldozer and angledozer blades - manufacture of off-road dumper trucks - manufacture of snowploughs and snowblowers · This class excludes: - manufacture of lifting and handling equipment, see 28.22 - manufacture of tractors, see 28.30, 29.10 - manufacture of machine tools for working stone, including machines for splitting or clearing stone, see 28.42 - manufacture of concrete mixer lorries, see 29.20

This class includes: - manufacture of dryers for agricultural products - manufacture of machinery for the dairy industry, e.g.: • cream separators • milk processing machinery (e.g. homogenisers) • milk converting machinery (e.g. butter churns, butter workers and moulding machines) • cheese-making machines (e.g. homogenisers, moulders, presses) - manufacture of machinery for the grain milling industry, e.g.: • machinery to clean, sort or grade seeds, grain or dried leguminous vegetables (e.g. winnowers, sieving belts, separators, grain brushing machines) • machinery to produce flour and meal, etc. (e.g. grinding mills, feeders, sifters, bran cleaners, blenders, rice hullers, pea splitters) - manufacture of presses, crushers, etc. (e.g.to make wine, cider, fruit juices) - manufacture of machinery for the bakery industry or for making macaroni, spaghetti or similar products, e.g.: • baking ovens, dough mixers, dough-dividers, moulders, slicers, cake depositing machines - manufacture of machines and equipment to process diverse foods, e.g.: • machinery to make confectionery, cocoa or chocolate; to manufacture sugar; for breweries; to process meat or poultry; to prepare fruits, nuts or vegetables; to prepare fish, shellfish or other seafood • other machinery for the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or drink - manufacture of machinery for filtering or purifying food and beverages - manufacture of machinery for the extraction or preparation of animal or vegetable fats or oils - manufacture of machinery for the preparation of tobacco and for the making of cigarettes or cigars, or for pipe or chewing tobacco or snuff - manufacture of machinery, plant and equipment for cooking or heating food in hotels and restaurants · This class excludes: - manufacture of food and milk irradiation equipment, see 26.60 - manufacture of packing, wrapping and weighing machinery, see 28.29 - manufacture of cleaning, sorting or grading machinery for eggs, fruits or other crops (except seeds, grains and dried leguminous vegetables), see 28.30

This class includes: - manufacture of textile machinery, e.g.: • machines for preparing, producing, extruding, drawing, texturing or cutting man-made textile fibres, materials or yarns • machines for preparing textile fibres (e.g. cotton gins, bale breakers, garnetters, cotton spreaders, wool scourers, wool carbonisers, combs, carders, roving frames) • spinning machines • machines for preparing textile yarns (e.g. reelers, warpers and related machines) • weaving machines (looms), including handlooms • knitting machines • machines for making knotted net, tulle, lace, braid, etc. - manufacture of auxiliary machines or equipment for textile machinery: • dobbies, jacquards, automatic stop motions, shuttle changing mechanisms, spindles and spindle flyers, etc. - manufacture of textile printing machinery - manufacture of machinery for fabric processing: • machinery for washing, bleaching, dyeing, dressing, finishing, coating or impregnating textile fabrics • machines for reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking textile fabrics - manufacture of laundry machinery: • ironing machines, including fusing presses • commercial washing and drying machines • dry-cleaning machines - manufacture of sewing machines, sewing machine heads and sewing machine needles (whether or not for household use) - manufacture of machines for producing or finishing felt or non-wovens - manufacture of leather machines: • machinery for preparing, tanning or working hides, skins or leather • machinery for making or repairing footwear or other articles of hides, skins, leather or fur skins · This class excludes: - manufacture of paper or paperboard cards for use on jacquard machines, see 17.25 - manufacture of domestic washing and drying machines, see 27.51 - manufacture of calendering machines, see 28.29 - manufacture of machines used in bookbinding, see 28.99

This class includes: - manufacture of machinery for making paper pulp - manufacture of paper and paperboard making or finishing machinery - manufacture of machinery for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboard articles, including cutting machines for paper of all kinds

This class includes: - manufacture of machinery for working soft rubber or plastics or for the manufacture of products of these materials: • extruders, moulders, pneumatic tyre making or retreading machines and other machines for making a specific rubber or plastic product · This class excludes: - manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing, see 28.97

This class includes: - manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing by metal, plastics, rubber, plaster, cement, ceramic deposits, etc.